Electric vehicle basics, explained simply

How an electric vehicle moves

A battery electric vehicle (BEV) stores energy in a large rechargeable battery pack. That energy powers one or more electric motors that turn the wheels. There is no engine oil, spark plugs, or exhaust system.

When you lift off the accelerator, many EVs use regenerative braking. The motor works in reverse, slowing the car and sending a small amount of energy back to the battery.

The main types of electrified vehicles

Not every vehicle with a plug is fully electric. Knowing the difference helps you understand range and charging needs.

• BEV: Battery electric. Runs only on electricity and must be plugged in.
• PHEV: Plug-in hybrid. A smaller battery for short electric trips plus a gas engine.
• HEV: Hybrid. Charges its small battery from the engine and braking, with no plug.

Words you will see often

• kWh (kilowatt-hour): A unit of energy. Battery size is measured in kWh.
• kW (kilowatt): A unit of power. Charging speed is described in kW.
• Range: The estimated distance on a full charge, which changes with weather, speed, and terrain.
• Efficiency: Often shown as miles per kWh. Higher numbers mean less energy per mile.

Everyday habits that help

Most owners charge overnight at home and start each day with the range they need. Planning longer trips around fast-charging locations becomes routine quickly.